Written Statement free essay sample

The plaintiff is put to strict proof of one and all of the allegations in the plaint. 2. The suit is a most vocations action and an abuse of process of Court. The plaintiff has invented a cause of action to file this suit. 3. It is true to say that the plaintiff is a tenant of the suit property under the defendant. 4. The allegation in para 5 of the plaint stating that the plaintiff is not issuing receipts for the rent paid by the plaintiff is false and not correct. The plaintiff and her husband never demanded any enhanced rent The plaintiff is put to strict proof of the same. The defendant has issued receipts to the plaintiff for the rent whenever he has paid. The defendant has rightly refused the rent sent through money order which is not a valid tender. Further allegation of complaint to police or seeking the help of police to get possession of the suit property is not admitted. We will write a custom essay sample on Written Statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is false to state that the Police personal are threatening the plaintiff to vacate. 6. The allegations in para 7 of the plaint stating that the defendant and her hencement have got their own hencemen behind the police personnel are baseless and untenable. The defendant has not threatened the lplaintiff at any pint of time through police to vacate the plaintiff from the suit property be hook or cook as falsely alleged in the plaint. The plaintiff is put to strict proof of the same. There is no jurisdiction at all for the plaintiff to come forward with this suit. 7. The defendant submits, that she never attempted to disturb possession and enjoyment of the denied building by illegal methods. The defendant is prepared to contest any application under the Rent Control Act if and when taken against her. The defendant never proclaimed that she would throw away the plaintiff. There was no need or occasion for the plaintiff to file this suit. 8. The defendant further submits that the plaintiff had committed willful default in payment of rent. Anticipating that the defendant would take action against him, the plaintiff forestalled defendant’s action and has filed this suit and injunction petition with a view to course the defendant for terms. 9. The suit as well as the injection petition is not maintainable either in law or on facts. The plaintiff has not come forward with clear hands and there is absolutely no cause of action in this suit. 10. The defendant submits, that she never attempted to disturb the possession of the plaintiff and also undertakes not to dispossess the plaintiff otherwise than under due process of law. 1. There is absolutely no cause of action for the plaintiff to file this suit. The suit is not at all maintainable for want of a cause of action. It is therefore prayed that the suit may be dismissed with costs.

Free Essays on A Sorrowful Women

The Mysterious Women â€Å"A Sorrowful Women† is set in the home of a family, a family in turmoil. Much like the first story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† also takes place in the home. Both homes are also lacking the essentials of a good home. The Mallards seem to live contentedly, yet inside Mrs Mallard is screaming to get out. While the other family lives separately. Another similarity between the two stories is that Mrs. Mallard too locks herself into her room. And while in her room, she too escapes the pressure of life in a big chair, while searching out the window for answers. She wants to find her peace and to lock away the world. The setting of â€Å"A Sorrowful Women† resides in their home. However, it is not a happy home. The family of three live their life in their home, with only two of them stepping out into the world. The story begins with the mother being put to bed. She was sick of her family and needed to rest. Later in the week the mother decides to leave the comfort of her room to travel to the kitchen to put up dishes from the family dinner, but is frightened by the look in the boys eye and falls to the ground. The father picks her up and takes her back to bed. A few days later the boy frightens her again and this time she is forced to retreat herself. So she runs to the comfort of her room locking out all the fears she feels. Now Godwin begins to give some detail into the mothers comfort room. He describes her sitting by the fireplace in her favorite sweater and curled up her chair. He tells of her sitting in her chair watching the snow fall onto the branches or perhaps loosing herself in a novel(37). Next Godwin takes us into the boys room, where the mother is entering for the first time in awhile. She noticed that his books have been moved, and the toys all seemed to have a new place to sit. She also saw that he had made some new drawings. Things seemed to have changed since she had gotten sick(37). The follo... Free Essays on A Sorrowful Women Free Essays on A Sorrowful Women The Mysterious Women â€Å"A Sorrowful Women† is set in the home of a family, a family in turmoil. Much like the first story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† also takes place in the home. Both homes are also lacking the essentials of a good home. The Mallards seem to live contentedly, yet inside Mrs Mallard is screaming to get out. While the other family lives separately. Another similarity between the two stories is that Mrs. Mallard too locks herself into her room. And while in her room, she too escapes the pressure of life in a big chair, while searching out the window for answers. She wants to find her peace and to lock away the world. The setting of â€Å"A Sorrowful Women† resides in their home. However, it is not a happy home. The family of three live their life in their home, with only two of them stepping out into the world. The story begins with the mother being put to bed. She was sick of her family and needed to rest. Later in the week the mother decides to leave the comfort of her room to travel to the kitchen to put up dishes from the family dinner, but is frightened by the look in the boys eye and falls to the ground. The father picks her up and takes her back to bed. A few days later the boy frightens her again and this time she is forced to retreat herself. So she runs to the comfort of her room locking out all the fears she feels. Now Godwin begins to give some detail into the mothers comfort room. He describes her sitting by the fireplace in her favorite sweater and curled up her chair. He tells of her sitting in her chair watching the snow fall onto the branches or perhaps loosing herself in a novel(37). Next Godwin takes us into the boys room, where the mother is entering for the first time in awhile. She noticed that his books have been moved, and the toys all seemed to have a new place to sit. She also saw that he had made some new drawings. Things seemed to have changed since she had gotten sick(37). The follo...

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 4

Marketing - Essay Example In additional, traditional techniques such as billboards and catalogues are also recommended. Apart from that modern techniques such as social media advertisement, in store promotion are also recommended pt the company. With such approaches it is expected that Trung Nguyen will be able to reach a good position in UK coffee industry. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 The plan 5 Conclusion 11 Appendix 12 Bibliography 14 Introduction It has been recommended that a strategy of franchising is undertaken in importing Vietnamese coffee to the UK market. The prime intention is operate effectively in the UK market and pursue development and focus strategy. On the basis of this a promotional plan has been developed which considers the use of different type of promotional activities such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations and sponsorships. It has been suggested that the in UK market promotional activities such as advertising in magazines and newspapers, broadca sting advertising including television, radio, billboards and catalogues are useful. In addition, it was also suggested that the company should also use social networking websites to promote the product in the UK market. Furthermore, Trung Nguyen Coffee also intends to influence and persuade buy their offerings through premium and discounts coupons, offering samples to show the distinct advantages of fresh coffee and a website that provides information about the company (Trung Nguyen Company, 2013). It is believed that the suggested strategy almost covers all the aspects of marketing and if properly implemented can provide the company with good results. Hence, the recommend strategy is accepted and a promotional plan for the same will be developed through this project. This study will now present a promotional plan which is to be undertaken by Trung Nguyen to promote their product. The promotional plan is responsible for creating awareness about Vietnamese coffee. Hence for this pur pose, this paper will first shed light on the target market for the product and will also underline the way of promoting, selling and distributing the product. A SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time bound) objective will be also developed to ensure effective implementation of the promotional plan. Furthermore, a rough budget and a timeline for the entire promotional plan will be developed. Lastly, an overall conclusion will be drawn. The plan Target Market It is essential to define the target market clearly in order to develop an effective promotional plan (Hollensen, 2007). It was recommended to the company that they should target niche market segment, especially because other established players such as Starbucks, Costa and Nestle are highly competitive. Moreover, being a new player, it will be difficult for the company to compete with them on a large scale. This is the reason why the company is recommended to cater to specific sections of the society. Trung Ng uyen has been recommended with two different target segments. The first one is people who work and study like wringing professional, students and the second group is the coffee lovers. Target Group 1 Students and Working Professions Target Group 2 Coffee Lovers Product Distribution The distribution of products is another important activity of marketing. There are number of cases where a good product has failed sustain in the market due to poor

Sport England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sport England - Essay Example The Sports Council was later renamed the English Sports Council in 1997, which was later branded as Sport England. The transformation just described was in line with shifts in strategies towards modernisation and better service delivery. The agency is currently under the chairmanship of Richard Lewis who has overseen the 2008-2011 strategic shifts towards influential sports development in the future (SportEngland.org, 2011). Guided by the mission statement that Sport England seeks to create a world leading community sports environment, the agency pursues a vibrant culture in sporting through partnering with several stakeholders including national governing bodies, local governments, county sport partnerships and community organisations. The agency currently invests  £480 million directly to 46 national sport governing bodies, protects playing fields, advocates for community sports and provides consultancy in sport matters. Sports England’s driving aims are centred on three philosophies. First is growth, here it targets one million more individuals engaging in sport. Sustenance is the second which involves satisfaction of more people from sport and reduction of the proportion of 16-18 year old teenagers dropping out of sporting activities to less than 25%. Lastly is the improvement through the development of talent in at least different 25 sports (SportEngland.org, 2011). In the pursuit of its mission, Sport England faces several challenges. According to Houlihan and Green (2009), Sport England and its fellow sports agency, UK Sports are burdened by the fact that they generate too many and much often short term initiatives. Overlapping mandates and responsibilities also inhibit their operations just as complexity and lack of clear strategies do. The problem of changes in government policy is also a challenge, with O’Dowd (2011) reporting that the coalition government has reversed on its predecessor’s pledge to

Quickest Way to Re-inflate Economy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quickest Way to Re-inflate Economy - Term Paper Example In order to manage the crisis, the central banks across the world had little funds in their treasury to re-stabilize the economy. Â  The central banks embraced huge amount of bad debts while the monetary reserves of the central banks hit the lowest values. Due to the slowdown of the business environment in the economies like the UK, US, Ireland, Canada, Austria, Greece, etc. the amount of goods and services produced by the business decreased. This led to the large number of job cuts and the unemployment level grew beyond the normal limits. The lowering of employment reached around 10% which meant that the income level of the households lowered. The situation led to the liquidity crunch in the economies and there was little money to be spent for purchase of goods and service. The decrease in demand in the economy due to the loss of purchasing power further slowed down the business activities and the investments. Due to this reasons, the economies plunged downwards with the cyclic dec line of demand as well as the business growth. The central banks had to find ways in order to fuel the economic growth of their country. This led to shift of the focus of the central banks towards the fiscal policies in order to stage an economic turnaround. The governments and the central banks have looked for ways that would offer the quickest mode of re-inflating the economy and stage an economic recovery. This resulted in the discussion of the economic fundamentals and the parameters that are responsible for the economic growth of the country. It has to be kept in mind that economic growth could be obtained in the fastest mode through the generation of demand. The demand-driven economies have experienced rapid growth rates in the past decades which include the US, UK, China, India, Brazil, Kazakhstan, etc. Thus the Federal Reserve and other central banks all over the world focused on regenerating the economic demands.

Dust Explosion Is One Of The Major Hazards Engineering Essay

Dust Explosion Is One Of The Major Hazards Engineering Essay Dust explosion must be controlled but means of necessary vent area design, Vessel strength, also following proper operational procedures and maintaining good housekeeping. Here a new bag filling plant and silo for plastic manufacturer is designed. So, as a safety advisor the vent sizing for a silo is presented to vent a dust explosion. Information required for the calculation of the vent sizing are strength of the vessel i.e. silo, explosion properties of the dust, size and shape of the vessel, the static activation pressure that is to open the venting in case of any pressure rise, condition of the dust cloud. If the dust is found to be toxic then venting should not be done if theres immediate harm to the environment. But in some unavoidable circumstances then the venting is done with an endangered area shall be specified. For that safe discharge area must be calculated to vent the dust to the atmosphere. And location of venting is chosen on the top of the silo i.e. vertical venting. This assumption made on the condition that the silo is sited in a congested area. Horizontal venting will cause harm the personnel working in the plant area. Plant Sketch Silo Air to bag filter Pneumatic Conveyor Cyclone Powder Inlet from plant Air Blower Vibrating outlets to bag filling stations Data given, Silo is of cylindrical shape. Diameter = 10m Height = 30m Vent duct length = 15 m Silo Design pressure = 0.25 barg Material stored in silo is plastic power and also includes Methylene dianiline (MDA). Here the dust is tested in and 20 litre sphere apparatus to find the maximum rate of pressure rise per unit time. The main apparatus is Sphere explosion vessel, dust dispersion system, ignition source, Pressure monitoring system and control system. This test done as per BS EN 14034-2:2006. And it is found that (dp/dt) max = 928 bar.s-1 Where (dp/dt) max Maximum rate of pressure (p) rise per unit time (t) The objectives of this design are i. To vent the deflagrating that occurs inside the vessel ii. To avoid the injury to personnel by vent discharge iii. To limit the damage of the vessel iv. To limit the damage of the nearby structures The following steps are identified for venting sizing with reference to i. Dust deflagration index Kst must be found, Kst = (dp/dt)max * V 1/3 Where (dp/dt) max Maximum rate of pressure (p) rise per unit time (t) =928 bar/s And volume of the test apparatus is 0.02m3 Kst = 928 * (0.02)1/3 bar.m.s-1 Kst = 252 bar.m.s-1 ii. Now maximum explosion overpressure occurs during dust explosion in an enclosed vessel (non-vented vessel) Pmax which is to determine the explosive characteristics of the dust. Procedure for measuring Pmax is done in 5litre apparatus and the apparatus is designed to withstand an internal overpressure of 20 bar. First required amount of dust is taken for the test. Then the dust is dispersed in the vessel at atmospheric pressure and before that the initial temperature is noted down. Then initial pressure Pi i.e. just a moment before ignition is noted. And the pressure rise recorded as a function of time. And from pressure time curve Pex is determined for the particular dust concentration. And the test is done for various dust concentration and the Pex results are plotted with various dust concentration until the maximum value of Pex is found. And that maximum value is the maximum overpressure Pmax. This Pmax and Kst plays crucial factor in determining the vent size and design for explosion protection. Here dust mixture composition is not known, so the vent size is based on highest Kst and Pmax value. The result of Pmax for various dust classes is referred from BS EN 14034-2:2006, the table is shown below Kst (bar.m.s-1) Dust explosion class Pmax (bar) 0 St 1 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 9 200 St 2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 10 Kst > 300 St 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 12 Table 1a: Where, St 1- moderate explosible St 2 strong explosible St 3 very strongly explosible Hence from the table above Pmax is taken as 10 bar for Kst = 252 bar.m.s-1 and the dust is classified as St 2. iii. Now the vessel design pressure selection must be measured, if the enclosure vessel is designed as ASTM then Pmawp (Maximum allowable work pressure) can be calculated. Here it is given that design pressure is 0.25barg. Venting provided should be sufficient to reduce the enclosure vessel rapture due to reduced maximum overpressure, Pred,max Here Pred,max shall be chose shall not exceed two-third of the vessel strength. Venting shall be provided such that Pred,max shall not exceed the vessel strength to prevent the rapture of vessel during venting. Pred,max à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ (Pes/ DLF) Where, DLF dynamic Load factor as a result of pressure rise. In absence of detailed structural analysis, it is assumed that DLF = 1.5 the design based on weakest structural element. i.e. Pred,max à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ (2/3)(Pes) Where Pes enclosure strength in bar Hence, Pred,max = 0.166 bar iv. Vessel Height to diameter ratio, the ratio of height to diameter of the vessel must be included in determining the vent area. Increase in ratio of height to diameter increases the flame propagation inside the vessel. Hence the estimation of the ratio is given below, Veff = à Ã¢â€š ¬ r2 h Where Veff is the volume of the cylindrical vessel were flame can travel along the path. h Height of the cylinder r radius of the cylinder Veff = 3.14 * 5* 5* 30 = 2355m3 Aeff = Veff / H Where Aeff is the effective area of the cylindrical vessel Aeff = 2355 / 30 =78.5 m2 Deff = ((4*Aeff)/à Ã¢â€š ¬)1/2 Where Deff is the effective diameter of the cylindrical vessel Deff=((4*78.5)/3.14)1/2 = 10m H/D = 30/10 = 3m v. Venting cover operation, the following factors to considered for the venting cover operation such as venting opening shall be free and clear, should be obstructed by weather conditions and any dust deposits. The vent cover shall open at its static activation over pressure Pstat. And vent cover should withstand the pressure within the static activation overpressure Pstat.. Here venting cover with specific mass And Hence Pstat = 0.2 bar. Sizing of vent area, here the specific situation must be considered for the venting sizing. Here the material is transferred by pneumatic conveyor. And this is classified as Inhomogeneous dust distribution as per New findings on explosion venting by R.Siwek. For vessel length L> 10m A = 0.0011 * Kst* H *Df * [(1/Dz) (8.6 log Pred,max 6) 5.5* log Pred,max + 3.7] ( 1 +1.715 * Pred,max -1.27 * log (H/D)) Where, Df diameter of the pipeline, here its assumed as 0.1m for effective dust reduction A Vent area m2 Dz effective diameter of the cylindrical vessel Dz =( (4*v)/à Ã¢â€š ¬ ) 1/3 = (( 4*2355)/3.14)1/3 = 14 A = 0.0011 * 252 * 30 * 0.1 * [(1/14) (8.6 log 0.166 6 ) 5.5 log 0.166 + 3.7] (1 + 1.715 * 0.3 -1.27 * log 3) A = 30 m2 Effect of vent ducting, duct is normally to vent the discharge to a safe area away from the work area. But increase in duct length will increase reduced maximum explosion pressure. P red,max = -0.03267 * l*(H/D) + 0.3481 * l0.798 Where, l length of the duct (m) P red,max maximum reduced explosion pressure with vent duct P red,max = -0.03267 * 15 * (30/10) + 0.3481 * 150.798 P red,max = 1.5 bar P red,max = 0.2 *(C1 C2) * (1-(H/D)) + C1 Where C1 = P red,max * (1 + 17.3 *(A*V-0.753)1.6 * l) = 1.027 C2 = (0.0586 * l) + 1.023] * P red,max0.981 (0.01907 *l) = 0.5 P red,max = 0.8 bar And from the above equation relationship between the reduced maximum explosion pressure with vent duct and duct length can be found and also necessary increase in cylindrical vessel strength can also be estimated. Since the facility is still being designed and from the above result of with effect of vent duct it is evident that reduced maximum explosion pressure increases above the vessel design pressure. So the increase in design pressure and the vessel strength must be re-considered if vent duct is used to deflagrate the flame. Safe discharge, Maximum flame length for dust, X = Q*V1/3 Where Q 8 for vertical discharge X = 8 * (2355)1/3 X = 106.4 m Maximum flame width, W = 1.3 * (10*v)1/3 = 37m Maximum external pressure (dust) P = 0.2 * Pred,max * A0.1 * V0.18 = 0.188 bar Where P maximum external pressure A Vent area V Volume of the cylindrical vessel. 2. This bag filling facility handles plastics powder which generates dust must be examined for the explosive characteristics. For that we need to analyse the chemical compositions in it. The explosive dust decomposes generating large enormous energy. This decomposition includes oxygen in the molecule so it is not necessary that it needs air. So it is important to screen the chemical composition first, if the test indicates the presence of explosive characteristics then necessary dust explosion prevention and protection techniques must be implemented as a basis of safety. In order to prevent the dust explosion following techniques are used i. Controlling the source of ignition ii. Inerting For explosion protecting the following techniques are used i. Explosion containment ii. Explosion suppression iii. Venting DUST EXPLSION PROTECTION PREVENTION Control of ignition containment Source Suppression Inerting Venting Now the details of each technique are explained in detail below Controlling the source of ignition, dust explosion cannot occur unless theres a source of ignition. And hence a careful analysis must be done in design, operation and maintenance for the possible sources of ignition. Here are some of possible sources of ignition a. hot surface b. spark c. electrostatic spark d. heat e. friction f. flames Flames are one of the sources which can easily ignite the dust. Direct heating i.e. using of burners can be avoided in process where dust generation is possible. Welding works carried on the silo which has possible dust generation inside the vessel. So all hot works carried on silo must be allowed as per the statutory requirements. Any Internal combustion engines near the silo might take in the dust generated nearby and can cause explosion. And hence this combustion engine can be avoided or use of flameproof combustion engines. Electric power is also one of the sources of ignition. Electric spark which are produced from electrical equipment, if comes in contact with dust will result in explosion. Hence all the electrical equipment must be intrinsically safe and also ATEX 137 EU directive 95/9/EC certified equipment should be used depending upon the dust and zone classification. So this must be done during procurement stage. Once ATEX is implemented then zone classification must be done as a part of ATEX requirement by analysing the possible generation dust from the process i.e. Zone 20 dust generation is often, zone 21 dust generation likely to occur or Zone 22 dust generation not likely to occur. Dust depositing on hot surface will cause explosion depending on the temperature and geometry of the surface. In most of the cases this can be avoided by good housekeeping. And also Ignition occurs only when the surface temperature reaches the minimum ignition temperature of the dust. Static electricity is also one of the major hazards in process and chemical industries. When a charged particle comes in contact with the opposite or dissimilar object there will be transfer of charge and will results in spark. Since the powder have charged particle, when it comes in contact with dissimilar particle in transferring or free falling there will be transfer of charge which will generate spark. And the spark generated can cause ignition of the dust. Hence all the metal containers must be earthed so that the charge generated will leak away to the earth. And use non conducting materials are recommended in construction. Below diagram show difference between earthed and non-earthed conductor Figure 2a: Hazards in non-earthed conductor Friction is also one of the ways that dust cloud can be ignited. That is when hot particles come in contact with mechanical equipment by rubbing or impacting against the equipment can ignite the dust cloud. This friction ignition depends upon the maximum velocity of the hot particle impacting against the hot surface. And hence use of such mechanical equipment should be avoided. And the other possible chances of ignition of dust clouds can be through spontaneous combustion. So this type of burning occurs due to self-heating as a result of internal exothermic reaction which is followed by thermal runaway. If this heat release is unable escape will result in ignition. And also sufficient oxygen and dust concentration must be present for the thermal runaway ignition. Hence the safe way is to displace the oxygen is by inerting. Inerting is a process by sending inert substances to remove or prevent the explosive atmosphere formation. The main objective is to eliminate or to reduce the oxygen level below the lower flammability limit in order to avoid the catastrophic dust explosion, in some case combustion can also occur in very low oxygen level so in that case is safe to replace all the air with inert gases. Even sometimes explosive dust generated inside the vessel can be diluted into non explosive dust by passing certain inert dust e.g. limestone. When inerting theres chance of inert gases gets trapped inside the vessel, where personnels are accessible for confined space works, this will result in asphyxiation. Hence proper statutory rules must be followed in entry of confined space. Care should be taken when inert gases are sent into the distribution line. That is before passing the inert gases the impurities such as hazardous substance moisture etc. should be removed from the inert gases by means of filter. And flow of the inert gases must be maintained by the pressure monitoring and controlled. Flow chart for inerting process is shown below Inerting Use of inert dust as an inert medium Suitable inert gas available e.g.) N2, co2 etc Performing oxygen limiting measurement at process temperature and pressure Design dust inert system Ensure the reliability of the monitoring system Inert gas cost when compared to other safety technique, are the cost found satisfactory Consider basis of safety for design and operation And some the other available prevention techniques include installation of pressure sensor, alarm system in-case of overpressure, Automatic shutdown system in-cases of overpressure, Level indicator, correct operational procedures and Proper maintenance and inspection procedures. Explosion containment is used to withstand the explosion pressure rise and to prevent the rupture of the containment. The explosion containment usage is accepted when the release of the process materials is not acceptable. First maximum explosion pressure Pmax must be determined, since it is the crucial factor in explosion containment. Hence pressure resistant vessels are designed to withstand the maximum explosion pressure without any deformation or rupturing the vessel. And hence the stress induced by the maximum explosion overpressure should not exceed 50% of the yield strength of the weakest part. Explosion pressure shock resistant vessel is also designed to handle the maximum explosion pressure but deformation occurs to some extent. And the stress induced by the maximum explosion overpressure should not exceed 90% of the yield strength of the weakest part. Logical flow chart for explosion containment is shown below Explosion Containment Multi-volume Single volume Can explosion be contained by knowing Pmax and plant design? Are the multiple volume is mechanically isolated Is Rapture of vessel acceptable? Use pressure shock resistant vessel Use pressure resistant vessel Consider basis of safety for design and operation Cost valid when compared to other safety techniques Suppression is a technique which identifies the starting point of explosion and extinguishes the growing fire. Normally suppressor is used whenever it is difficult to discharge the pressure and flame in a safe area. Normally it takes 40 90ms for an explosion to occur when the dust gets ignited. So now the explosion detector detects the pressure rise in the vessel and it is designed to set the alarm when it reaches the reference pressure rise and activates the suppressor so that it suppresses/extinguishes the growing fire ball inside the vessel. Suppressor can also be used in parallel with venting where sufficient venting area is not achieved. And also it is to noted that explosion detector should withstand to the vibration, shock and resistant against corrosion. Below figure shown is the normal working of suppressor in the vessel. Normally suppression can be used for a vessel volume up-to 1000m3. For vessel larger than 1000m3 explosion suppression can be used and the explosion suppressor must be within the vessel volume boundary. Fig 2b: Suppressor working If a vessel is without suppressor and dust explosion occurs in a enclosed vessel then the pressure rise grow and attains destructible level which is shown below in graph (line A). If a suppressor is installed and suppressor extinguished before the explosion then the maximum pressure rise will be reduced Pred within the maximum vessel design pressure, shown below in graph (line B). In order to achieve the above it also depends upon the suppressor location, suppressor discharge rate and also number of suppressor placed in the vessel. Graph 2a: Pressure rise with suppressor and without suppressor There are many types of suppressors available such as hemispherical suppressor, High rate discharge suppressor are used. Normally high rate discharge are most widely used because for their high discharge rate to suppress the fire. In hemispherical suppressor usually liquids i.e. water is used as suppressant and can store upto 5 litres. And the initial velocity of hemispherical suppressor is 200m.s-1 and the discharge time is 10 30 ms. For high rate discharge suppressor the suppressant used can be liquid or dry powder. It can suppressant discharge time is within 10 millisecond and suppressant stored upto 40kg. And the suppressant materials used in order to supress the fire must quench the combustion. And some of the commonly used suppressants are dry powder i.e. dry chemical and water. Flameless venting is done to vent the explosions without any risk of external flame. Flameless venting device consists of flame arrestor which quenches the flame that propagates outside from the vessel. The main principle is that the arrestor reduces the fuel from flame below the ignition temperature by energy dissipation in the flame arrestor. 3. Here in this bag filling facility, use of hazardous substance involved. Hence this operation must abide to control of substance hazardous to health Regulation 2002 (As Amended) (COSHH) to control the hazards to the human health. Here in this bag filling facility there is use of plastic powder which get filled and packed. In this plastic power has an additive known as Methylene dianiline. This plastic powder is a thermoplastic intended for use in injection of moulding machine. This methylene dianiline is a carcinogen which causes cancer when it is inhaled by the people engaged in bag filling operation. So it is necessary to conduct control of substance hazardous to health risk assessment. And to evaluate the allowable exposure limits and the necessary measure to be taken while handing the hazardous materials. Main steps to be followed to prevent the health hazards and to comply with COSHH are as follows i. Determine the risk ii. Control measure implementation iii. Control the exposure iv. Continual improvement and practice of the control measure implemented v. Monitoring the exposure level with the control measures vi. Providing health monitoring check up vii. Prepare Emergency plan and conduct emergency mock drill viii. Providing training and necessary information to the employees Substances or chemicals that are hazardous to personnel health will come under COSHH. Here methylene dianiline is used which is identified as a potential carcinogen and hence the operation should comply with COSHH to control the health hazards and improve the operation. Determine the hazard The first step is to identify the hazard whether the substance used in the process causes health hazard to employee engaged in work. Here it is identified that Methylene Dianiline is a potential carcinogen. So operators engaged for bag filling, sealing and engaged in cleaning activities are at risk if exposed. So first we need to find the possible exposure points. From analysing the operation involved in bag filling facility. The possible release/exposure points are identified below, i. filling arms in bag filling station building it vibrates to prevent clogging ii. Opening the valve fast will cause sudden release of pressure. iii. Bag sealing possible dust generation since the bag is left opened iv. Cleaning the spilled dust near filling area v. Pneumatic conveyor possible leak point will cause dust discharge Here it is identified that possibility of the substance route to affect operator health is through inhalation when released in air. And hazards of methylene dianiline and its chemical properties are taken from CHIP classification, Now CHIP regulation gradually replaced by European CLP. And the hazard classification is taken from European regulation EC No 1271/2008 on Classification labelling and Packing (CLP) from Table 3.2 part3 of Annexure I to directive 67/548/EEC Index No International Chemical Identification Ec No CAS no Classification Labelling Concentration Limit 612-051-00-1 4,4Methylenedianiline 202-974-4 101-77-9 Crac Cat 2;R 45 Mutta.Cat,3; R 68 T; R39/23/24/25 Xn; R48/20/21/22 R43 N; R51-53 T;N R:45-39/23/24/25-43-48/20/21/22-68-51/53 S:53-45-61 Table 3a Classification is taken from European regulation EC No 1271/2008 on Classification labelling and Packing (CLP) from Table 3.1 part3 of Annexure VI to directive 67/548/EEC Index No International Chemical Identification EC No CAS no Classification Labelling Hazardous Class and Category codes Hazardous Statement Codes Pictogram signal word code Hazardous Statement Codes Suppl. Hazardous Statement Codes 612-051-00-1 4,4Methylenedianiline 202-974-4 101-77-9 Carc 1B Muta 2 STOT SE 1 STOT RE 2 Skin sens 1 Aquatic Chronic 2 H350 H341 H370 ** H373 ** H317 H411 GHS08 GHS07 GHS09 Dgr H350 H341 H370 ** H373 ** H317 H411 Table 3b: Where R Risk phase and H Hazard , Classification of levels of danger i.e. harmful, toxic, very toxic as per CHIP regulation. Here MDA is classified as potential carcinogen R 45 Cancer causing substance. Deciding proper safe guarding measure Since here the plant is in designing stage so the possible release/exposure points, population exposed to the hazardous substance and route of entry are identified and necessary control measure are indentified below to implement from the designing stage. So COSHH essential uses out of the risk assessment information it chooses one of the methods for control measure shown below, Figure 3a: The factors used in identifying appropriate controls measure are in below figure, Figure 3b: So the following steps are followed in identifying adequate control measure as mentioned in COSHH essentials: Easy steps to control chemicals i. Group the hazards identified ii. Grouping the physical properties of the amount used iii. Asses the anticipated exposure iv. Now combine step 1 to 3 to form a generic assessment Grouping the hazard, hazards are classified between A to E by R-Phase given in CHIP and H-Phase given in CLP. Below the table shows the classification of hazard group. In the below table units, mg/m3 milligrams per cubic meter and ppm parts per million. From below table methylene dialine classified under group E dust. Table 3c: Now to determine the predictive exposure we must first classify the hazardous substance physical properties. Here in bag filling operation, hazardous substance is in dust form, since the plastic powders are granule will generate dust. So as per COSHH essential they have presented a table for identifying the determinants of the hazardous substance. That is the factor for deciding the physical properties for solid are dustiness and for the liquid is the volatility. And based upon the below shown table here methylene dianiline is identified as fine solid and light power and the corresponding determinant is identified as high. Table 3d: And after identifying the determinant and amount used as per COSHH essential has identified four band of exposure potential and the table is shown below, Table 3e: Here in bag filling and packing operation the main product is plastic powder which contains methylene dianiline as an additive. So the quantities used which assumed to be in tonnes, the main aim of this plant is packing plastic powder. And the exposure predictor band here it is identified as EP 4. sNow to decide which the control approach is adequate enough to control the situation of health hazard has to be identified from the range given which is used in COSHH essential. And table is shown below Table 3f: And based upon the above control approval table and exposure predictor table COSHH essential formed a table relating exposure predictor to control approach. And the table is shown below. Table 3g: In-order to choose the type of control measure recommended we have to relate the target airborne exposure to the exposure predictor band .Hence for this bag filling facility type-4 control is recommended because the concentration level of the dust is unknown. Sample COSHH Risk assessment Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 What are the hazard What will harm and who? What are you doing Improvements needed Who When Check Breathing in dust from filling station Since the dust contains MDA might cause cancer and irritates the respiratory system Dust mask Get cab and filtered air supply Conveyor to silo, to filling station Nobody Dust Extraction Check for leaks weekly Bagging plastic powder Charge handed Storage and dispatch Forklift driver Dust mask Get cab and filtered air supply Cleaning the plastic powder dust spill Charge hand Brushing Vacuum hose to dust extraction Changing dust filter Charge hand Use of P3 respirator Contract out this work Also: Action Taken Action needed Examination Test COSHH Supervision Instruction and training Emergency Plan Health Surveillance Monitoring Review Date Recommendations Here to reduce the possible exposures to hazardous substance below are the following recommendations, i. Minimizing the generation of plastic dust such as designing conveying system in such a way to reduce the impact with hard surface to reduce the dust generation i.e. use of long sweep elbows. ii. Minimising the release of plastic dust such as keep silo in good conditions i.e. avoid crack, proper maintenance etc., maintain the transfer equipment in good seal condition to avoid leaks. iii. Plastic dust can be captured and contained. iv. Create awareness among the employee about the hazards associated in handling hazardous substance and use of MSDS. v. Regular health surveillance must be conducted to employee exposed to risk. vi. Use of proper respiratory PPEs while handling with plastic powder. As per COSHH essential it is identified suitable PPEs for the selected group hazard. Table is shown below and it is identified as Assigned protection factor 200. This APF is in reference with BS 4275 Table 3h 4. Project Description The new bag filling line and silo is being constructed for a plastic manufacturer which is located in congested area which means the silo is located in between the nearby structures and objects but the whole plant is located in plain and partly terrain area. This facility involves transfer of plastic powder from the plant to silo for storage so that it can used to store plastic powder prior to the bagging and distribution. Here in the silo there is possible release of dust into the atmosphere due to overpressure or overfilling. Since the dust generated inside the silo is vented to atmosphere so it must meet to the current environment legislation in order to avoid air pollution. From Silo the plastic powder is sent to bag filling station. The bag filling station comprises a building in which there are four bag filling stations. Hence an environmental impact aspect must be undertaken before the commencement stage . Plant Sketch Silo Air to bag f

A Closer Look At Classical Conditioning Essay -- Classical Conditionin

Classical conditioning is a part of everyday life, and it has been around for as long as living organism have been around. Most people have no idea that classical conditioning occurs on a daily basis. It can happen anywhere, our homes simply watching TV, or being outside in the public. Classical conditioning is a way of learning that happens when two stimuli are presented together, which then become associated with each other. Classical conditioning was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov, and it is so closely associated to him that it is sometimes even called Pavlovian Conditioning. Classical conditioning was later reinforced by John Watson with the â€Å"Little Albert† experiment, and recently with the Cockroach experiment by Makoto Mizunami and Hidehiro Watanabe . Classical conditioning does not only affects humans, it affects all animals ranging from the smallest bacteria to dogs and cockroaches. This type of conditioning is also used in marketing and even treating phobias. Classical conditioning is a type of conditioning that links two stimuli together to produce a new response. Classical conditioning has three stages. The first step, before conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) makes an unconditioned response (UCR). This means that there is a stimulus that produces a response, usually a natural response. One example of this would be is if someone blows into our eye, our eye would close, humans didn't have to learn this response it came by nature. Another example of an unconditioned response would be someone touching a stove and jerking the hand back, or salivation at the sight of food. Stage two, during the conditioning, a new response is presented, the conditioned stimulus (CS). The unconditioned stimulus is tied in ... ...s. It is one of the best treatments for phobias. It is even used by almost all of the best commercials on TV and the internet. References Allen, C. T., & Madden, T. J. (1985). A Closer Look At Classical Conditioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 301. McLeod, S. (2008). Classical Conditioning.Simply Psychology. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html Classical Conditioning. (2010).  - Simply Psychology. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html Watanabe H, Mizunami M (2007) Pavlov's Cockroach: Classical Conditioning of Salivation in an Insect. PLOS ONE 2(6): e529. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000529 Marks, I. M. (1987). Fears, phobias, and rituals: Panic, anxiety, and their disorders. New York: Oxford University Press.

Psychosexual stages vs. psychosocial stages Essay

In psychology when the word development is mention to two theorists, stand out. These theorists are Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Freud being the father of psychology changed the technique of studying the development of individuals. Erikson was influenced by Freud but he felt that be underestimated other significant dimension that shape our development. They both agreed that personality develop is mostly an unconscious process and when it does happen, it is over time and has universal stages. They believe that personality is developing through a sequence of predestined stages. In each stage, there is crisis that needs to be conquered in order to advance to the next stage in life. However, Freud believed the libido, person’s biology and basic needs are major factors in our development of personality (Simon & Gagnon). Although Freud’s theory influenced Erikson, instead he believed environment and culture were major factors that influenced our personality (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). Freud called this development process psychosexual theory and Erikson called it psychosocial theory. Both have similarity within their theories as the age group are divided the same. Even so, they differ in way. Freud believed that the first three stages were the most important. He also understood personalities were developed by conflicts resolved and the demands from reality. Erikson believed all stage were equally important and cultural experiences helped develop personally (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). They both had a different development process and outcomes. In order to grasp the theories, I will examine each theorist and personality stages individually. In the first stage, that Freud called this psychosexual stage the oral stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the trust vs. mistrust stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the trust and dependency infants have to their mothers. In the oral stage, the child makes the connection between the mother’s presences with satisfying of their hunger. In the trust vs. mistrust, the child develops trust when they can depend on the mother to fulfill their needs thus developing a trustworthy relationship. However, these theories express different outcome when need are satisfied or not. For Freud, the crisis here is weaning the child from the mother. As time progresses the infant begin to differentiation itself from their mother. The child comes to acknowledge there is no longer an umbilical connection and they a separate person from their mother (Simon & Gagnon). As a result, later in life they grow to be optimistic and passivity. On the other hand, if the infants who do not make the distinction turn out to be pessimistic, immature and gullibility and obsessed with the mouth. Some of these obsessions include biting nails, thumb sucking, and eating and drink obsessively and verbal aggressive. As for Erikson’s theory, trust and mistrust is the ego crisis. If the infant discover that no one is willing to fulfill his need then mistrust will develop. Conversely, if the child’s needs are satisfied through good parenting, the child will develop trust. The child will also develop the skill of hope and learn cosmic order in respect to society (Cloninger, 2004). In the second stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the anal stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the autonomy vs. shame stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge child want to have personal control and the importance of toilet training. In the anal stage, the child wants to master holding on and letting go. Therefore, the child learn the control his own bowel movements through toilet training. In autonomy vs. shame stage, toilet training is used to master their body functions (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). This will instill a sense of control and independence in the child. However, both theories disagreed on the outcome of successful or failing to toilet training. For Freud, the crisis is toilet training. If the child is successful at toilet training then they will be creative and productive in their adult life (Simon & Gagnon). Nevertheless, if the child fails they will either become anal explosive or retentive. Anal explosive is when the child is rebelling during toilet training. This rebellion will cause the child to be messy, cruel, destructive and hostile as an adult. Anal-retentive is when the child withholds during toilet training. This will cause the child to be controlling, stingy and stubborn. For Erikson, although toilet training is important the crisis in this stage is control and independence. If the child does not feel supported, they will develop shame and doubt. It is important that the child feel supported by parents in order to develop autonomy, the ego skill will, law, and order in respect to society (Cloninger, 2004). In the third stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the phallic stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the Initiative vs. guilt stage. Both Freud and Erikson recognize that at these stages the child finding identity with his or her parent, and sex difference. In phallic stage, the child begins to identify him or she with their parents thus acknowledges sexual difference. According to Freud, this process occurs through the Oedipus and Electra conflict. The Oedipus conflict is when the son wants to murder his father because he wants to be with his mother. The reason the wants to murder the father is for fear. He fears his father will discover the desire for his mother, and will be punished with castration (Cloning, 2004). The Electra conflict is when a girl changes her erotic relationship from the mother to the father. This relationship change is possible by the girl’s anger toward her mother (Cloninger, 2004). The reason for her anger is that she feels her mother was not dominant enough to protect her from castration. This change of object is facilitated by the girl’s anger toward her mother for not being powerful enough to protect her from castration. The child identifies with the same-sex parent in order to vicariously posses parent of the opposite sex (Simon & Gagnon). The child believe the more they are like the same-sex parent they will be able to replace the other parent. Thus the superego will develop and the end of the crisis. If the child cannot resolve this struggle they will have trouble forming the superego, sexual role identity and sexual confused (Simon & Gagnon). In the initiatives vs. guilt, the child acknowledges sex difference and parent identification through these social roles. According to Erikson, the child decided the person they want, affirm their power and control through playing and social contact (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). The child must feel encourage to play and have social contact in order to have initiative. The child will also have a sense of purpose and learn ideal prototypes in society. However, if the child is not encouraged they will believe they are bad and have guilt (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). In the fourth stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the latency stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the industry vs. inferiority stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of development thought school. In the latency stage, the child develops into a more socially and academically driven person. This helps the child become constructive. In industry vs. inferiority, the child works on tasks until they are complete. The child hopes to receive recognition for constructing something for society. During this stage, Freud explains that the child’s sexual drive is inactive thus there is no crisis. This is because there is a repression of sexual impulse (Simon & Gagnon). Instead the child use this repressed energy in to their social and academic lives. Yet, Erikson believes the crisis here is how to become a product individual in society. During this stage, the children want to learn new skill like reading, writing, counting and drawing (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). Those children who are not encourage or praise for their accomplishment from their parents or teachers will develop problems with competence and self-esteem and inferiority. However, the children who are encouraged or praise for their accomplishment develop confidence, pride, competence and technological order in society (Cloninger, 2004). In this fifth stage, things are a little different. This fifth stage concluded Freud‘s psychosexual stage while Erikson had four left. These stages are identity vs. identity diffusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair. I will compare and contrast these four stages with Freud’s psychosexual stage the genital stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of building the self through previous experience through the genital stage and identity vs. identity diffusion. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but after being able to overcome each psychosexual stage now the individual can began to live a balanced life. However, sexual desires are no long dormant instead; they are strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. Adolescences are in search of sexual or romantic relationships with other adolescences (Simon & Gagnon). Some of the characteristics that are developed include vanity, appearance and attention. For Erikson, the crisis here is finding self and personal identity. In order for an adolescence to establish a sense of self, they must go out and try new things. If the child is not encouraged, they can develop negative identity or identity foreclosure and identity confusion (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). Nevertheless, if the child is encouraged to explore different roles, activities and behaviors the adolescence will be able to develop their identity, the ego skill of fidelity and learn ideological worldview in society and is able to move to the next stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this intimacy vs. isolation. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of seeking a relationship with the opposite sex through their theories. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but latency has been conquered and the focus is seeking pleasure through sexual contact (Simon & Gagnon). In Erikson’s intimacy vs. isolation, the crisis is finding love not sexual pleasure. Since the young adults have a sense of identity, they can seek an intimate relationship without fears of losing their identity (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). If a person does not find intimacy with someone, the young adult will become isolated. However, if they do find intimacy they will develop the ego skill of love and learn pattern of cooperation and competition in society and advance (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this generativity vs. stagnation. Both Freud and Erikson recognize the significance of seeking welfare of life and society through their contributions. In the genital stage, as the individual mature in to adulthood, they are no longer just interested in their selves but others. In Erikson, generativity vs. stagnation, the adult want to contribution to society and that will ultimately outlive them. This contribution is range from children, social or political change or art (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). If the adult is unable to cultivate a contribution then they will have sense stagnation, failure, disconnected or involved in their life. On the other hand, if they are able to contribute they will feel a sense of generativity, develop the ego skill of care and learn currents of education and tradition in society thus move to the final stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this integrity vs. despair. Both Freud and Erikson identify this stage when the personality is complete formed. In the genital stage, the personality is well balanced in all aspects of the person (Simon & Gagnon). In Erikson, integrity vs. despair, the individual reflect on their life. When reflecting occurs if there are regrets or dissatisfied with life, they will have despair (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). However, if there is a sense of fulfillment then they will have integrity, wisdom as an ego skill and in society (Cloninger, 2004). Now that I have examined each theorist and their stage individually, it is clearly to see where there theories are similar and different. When compare the theories we are able to see why personality development is unconscious, slow and universal. In contrast, we can see how they differ in the process of development by recognizing the outcome. 1. Reference 2. Cloninger, S. (2004). Theories of personality. (pp. 45-48). NUpper Saffle RIver, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 3. Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. (n.d.). Psychosexual development. Society, 35(2), 60-67. 4. Wallerstein. , Robert, S., & Goldberger, L. (2000). Ideas and identities: The life work of erik erikson.Psychoanalytic Psychology, 17(2), 437-442. 5. Widick, C., Parker, C., & Knefelkamp, L. (2006). Erik erikson and psychosocial development. New Direcrtion for Student, 1978(4), 1-17.

Audrey Hepburn built her incredible acting talent out of her troubled upbringing Essay

Audrey Hepburn was born in 4th of May 1929 in Brussels, Belgium. She is an idol of elegance for all time. She spends her first years of school in London. However, because of the Nazi’s occupancy, she moved into Holland with her mother. She continued to conservatoire in Arnhem which is the city of Holland. After the war, Audrey started taking ballet classes. Her first show was in 1947 and its name is ‘High Buton Shoes.’ She became more famous with ‘Gigi’ movie. Also, she won Oscar with her ‘Roman Holiday’ movie. After a year, she acted in ‘Ondine with Mel Ferrer’. In this period, Hepburn and Ferrer started a relationship and they married in 1954. She gained Academy nomination with the ‘Sabrina’ movie in the same year. With the movie of ‘The Nun’s Story’, again she was nominated for the Academy award. In 1960, her first child Sean was born. She gained her fifth Academy nomination with the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œWait Until Dark’. However, in the same year, she got divorced. She made her second marriage with psychiatrist Andrea Dotti. They had a son which named as Luca. She acted in ‘Always’ in 1989. That is the last movie of her. After 1980 she started to work as a goodwill ambassador of Unicef. She died on 20 January 1993 in Swetland because of appendicular cancer. PsychologÄ ±cal Analysis Of Audrey Hepburn wÄ ±th the perspectÄ ±ve of Adler Audrey Hepburn was born in 4th of May 1929 in Brussels, Belgium. Her mother name is Baroness Ella van, Heemstra. As you can guess from ‘Barones’ title, she is from a noble family. From her first marriage, she has got two children, Ian and Alex. She made her second marriage with Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston, who is the father of Audrey. Audrey is the only child of this second marriage. Also, this marriage ended traumatically too because Audrey’s father left them in the 9th year of the marriage. When we look at the parental style of this famÄ ±ly, we can Ä ±nterpret Audrey as a neglected child. She lÄ ±ved wÄ ±th her father only for sÄ ±x years. When Audrey was sÄ ±x years old, Ruston left them. Audrey told that event as ‘I adored my father. When he left us, he commÄ ±ted us to lÄ ±fe-long Ä ±nsecurÄ ±ty’(15).However Ä ±t Ä ±s not the only reason to classÄ ±fÄ ±ed Audrey as a neglected chÄ ±ld. When we look at the these sÄ ±x years we see that Audrey and Ruston communÄ ±ctÄ ±on dÄ ±d not very wellà § Audrey was love her father very much and she was trying to show her talents to her father. Unfortunately, she could not get the results of thÄ ±s trÄ ±als. (12) AccordÄ ±ng to Adler’s theory the neglected chÄ ±ld can need to others Ä ±n the future to recognÄ ±tÄ ±on and nurturance (76). As we can guess thÄ ±s predÄ ±ctÄ ±on fÄ ±ts to Audrey because she was a famous actress and her need for recognÄ ±tÄ ±on can be satÄ ±sfÄ ±e d through her fans. Also, Audrey Ä ±nterpreted that she has a mÄ ±strust about compassÄ ±on and she always felt grateful to ones who showed compassÄ ±on to her. When we look at her mother Baroness Ella van Heemstra, we can observe the other characteristic of neglected chÄ ±ld: havÄ ±ng unsupportÄ ±ve parent. Her mother gÄ ±vÄ ±ng advÄ ±ce to her Ä ±n an dÄ ±fferent way whÄ ±ch Ä ±s: ‘ You should thÄ ±nk about always thÄ ±nk about others. You are not an Ä ±nterestÄ ±ng person. Other people are more Ä ±mportant than you.’ (12). In addÄ ±tÄ ±on to that, Audrey had an performance Ä ±n New York. At the end of the show, Ella van Heemstra congratulated her: ‘ You dÄ ±d a good job, especÄ ±ally when we consÄ ±der that you do not have any talent’. So when the whole world talks about Audrey show, Ella van Heemstra could not satÄ ±sfÄ ±ed wÄ ±th her daughter talent. When we contÄ ±nue to look at Audrey’s lÄ ±fe, Audrey started a boarding school in England.In the end of summer 1939, England started a war to Nazis. Audrey and her mother moved into Arnhem again. However, after a time Nazis occupied Arnhem too. Nazis try to provoke Holland against the England. To conceal herself, Audrey learned Dutch and change her name to ‘Edda van Heemstra’. At this time, they lose communication with Audrey’s brothers. After that Ella began to take part in the Holland resistance. Because of the occupy, Arnhem conservatoire open it’s door without a payment. Audrey started to take classes about music and dance in there. In 1944, an operation held to the Nazis. This operation failed and a request which is about leaving the city is asked from the civils. Audrey and her family left the city and they moved into Velp city.They had really very awful days in there. As we see, Audrey had terrÄ ±ble, traumatÄ ±c memorÄ ±es from the war days. So, how can she can stÄ ±ll contÄ ±nue and adapt to thÄ ±s lÄ ±fe? According to Adler, Individual Psychology understand and analyze the whole events from the perspective of soul’s goal.(Adler, 2017). For that period, when we look at the goal of Audrey, she stated: ‘My passion about dance suppressed the fear which is towards to Germans.’ So, we can say that her goal shaped her life and helped to cope with the problems. When we analyze more deeply, we can find some reasons about the choosing this goal.Audrey’s memories show that, when she was ten years old, she took part in her school performance. At the end of the show, everybody –including her mom- applauded her with enthusiasm. (18) . Audrey was very happy. Adler supports that, a child’s goal includes the desire of being protected and get into the society. (Adler, 2017). Also

How Big Banks Can Attract Small Retail Customers

How Big Banks Can Attract Small Retail Customers Situation Analysis Bank customers act as both suppliers and consumers to the banks. The customers supply the bank with money, which is the raw material for financial institutions. On the other hand, customers act as consumers by being the buyers of various products of the financial institutions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Big Banks Can Attract Small Retail Customers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it is vital for a bank to have customers who would be able to supply it with large amounts of money and consume huge quantities of the bank’s products (Wright, Watkins and Ennew 65). Big banks prefer to attract corporate customers. The high value of the transactions of corporate customers reaps huge financial benefits to the banks. On the other hand, small retail customers undertake small value transactions. However, the profit margins of financial transactions of small customers are usually high er than the profit margins of transactions of corporate customers. Increased competition in the retail banking market segment threatens to reduce the profit margin in this market segment (Quiry et al 264) However, big banks have enough financial resource to cope with the stiff competition in the market segment. Problem Analysis There is a steady increase in the amount of small retail customers that banks serve. This market segment offers a suitable growth opportunity for banks. The retail banking segment is the most profitable segment. Small retail customers require many banking services. Some of the services include payroll management and investment products. Therefore, it is vital for banks to formulate strategies that would help in attracting small retail customers. Big banks have generally been unsuccessful in attracting and retaining small retail customers. One of the major factors that lead to poor retention of small retail customers is the inability to offer high quality serv ices to small retail customers. Big banks do not usually solve the problems of the small retail customers quickly and courteously. In addition, big banks charge high fees, which are prohibitive to small retail customers (Rezaee 88). Big banks do not usually have products that fulfill the needs of the small retail customers. This is due to the wide variety of products that small retail customers need. In addition, small customers account for a small percentage of the revenue of big banks. Therefore, big banks do not prioritize the interests of the small retail customers. Mismatch of products makes small retail customers look for banking services in other financial institutions. The location of big banks is also one of the major factors that restrict big bank’s ability to attract small retail customers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Big banks are usually loc ated in upmarket areas, which are far from the location of the business establishments of small retail customers. This makes it difficult for small retail customers to access the services of big banks easily. Therefore, small retail csuromers seek financial services from financial institutions that are in their vicinity. Solution Analysis There is no single approach that would enable banks attract and retain small retail customers. For banks that wish to attract small retail customers, it is vital for the banks to understand the dynamics of their relationship with small retail customers. Banks should understand the major factors that drive the profitability of the small retail customers. In addition, banks should understand the cross-selling opportunities that exist in this market segment. Cross selling would enable banks improve their profitability in this market segment significantly (Wright, Watkins and Ennew 154). One of the major strategies that banks may use to attract and ret ain small retail customers is investing in innovative products. The innovative products should be responsive to the needs of the small retail customers. In addition, banks should formulate a strategy that would be responsive to the needs of the small retail customers. Big banks should not just offer personalized products to customers; they should strive to realize the full value of their relationship with the small retail customers. Therefore, banks should offer services and pricing structures that appreciate the relationship that the bank has with the small retail customers. Implementation Analysis Big banks should ensure that they implement a strategy that would help to attract and retain small retail customers. However, the strategy should not contravene the major policies of the bank. Therefore, it is unlikely for big banks to move from their upmarket locations in order to attract small retail customers. This is because the movement from upmarket locations may alter the image of the bank. This may be detrimental to the bank. However, the big banks can introduce innovative mobile and internet banking solutions that would help in attracting and retaining small retail customers. In addition, big banks should offer a wide variety of products that would fulfill the banking needs of small retail customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Big Banks Can Attract Small Retail Customers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is vital for banks to ensure that they introduce the measures that attract small retail customers systematically. Introducing drastic measures would be detrimental to image of the bank. This may trigger the exit of existing corporate customers. Big banks that attract and retain small retail customers while retaining their existing corporate customers guarantee their future financial prosperity. Quiry, Pascal, Yann Le Fur, Antonio Salvi, Maurizio Dallochio and Pierre Vernimmen. Corporate finance: Theory and practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2006. Print. Rezaee, Zabihollah. Financial institutions, valuations, mergers, and acquisitions: The fair value approach. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2001. Print. Wright, Mike, Trevor Watkins and Christine Ennew. Marketing financial services. London: Routledge, 2012. Print.

Math Driving Map Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math Driving Map - Essay Example a. Interstate 25 to Cheyenne, WY Road distance in miles (from the map) = 549 Driving time = = = 9.98 hours b. Interstate 80 to Rock Springs Road distance in miles (from the map) = 158 Driving time = = = 2.87 hours Total driving time from Albuquerque to Rock Springs = 9.98 + 2.87 =12.85 = 13 hours (to the nearest half hour). Answer 2. A brief description of the process used to construct the problem: The average aircraft groundspeeds for the two stages of travel are provided with the help of atlas and road maps. Since the students are required to find the travel time, they have to use an atlas or road map, which can give the air travel distance as the straight line distance between the required points. Problem Statement : Given: You travel by air from Memphis, TN, to Las Vegas, NV, with stops in Oklahoma City, OK, and El Paso, TX, en route. Average aircraft groundspeed is 380 km/hour from Memphis to Oklahoma City and 310 km/hour from Oklahoma City to Las Vegas. What would be your total travel time (to the nearest half hour)? Steps: 1. Find the air travel distance between the points from the map. This can be done by measuring the distance between the points in the map and multiplying this distance with the scale of the map. 2. To get the Travel Time, divide the distance by the aircraft groundspeed. Travel by air from Memphis, TN, to Las Vegas, NV, with stops in Oklahoma City, OK, and El Paso, TX, en route. Air travel distance from Memphis to Oklahoma City = 756.39 km

Does copyright needs to be changed in Digital era Essay

Does copyright needs to be changed in Digital era - Essay Example This paper explores the controversy by presenting both points of view, examining the historical origins of intellectual property protection and modern development in the field. U.S. and British laws and alternative (non-legislative) methods of intellectual property protection are analysed. Possible future developments in this field are discussed from the positions of the current situation. Throughout the history of mankind information has been playing increasingly important role in various fields of human life and activity. The uses of information and different methods of its collection and storage have long historical traditions. Institutional structures created specifically for that purpose - libraries and museums - are as old as modern civilization itself. Each of the past inventions associated with transmission and storage of information could be addressed as the major factor that affected the course of social development: invention of writing, the printing press, telephone, radio, and television have stimulated profound changes. Similarly, development of new information technologies - computers and the Internet - deeply affects contemporary society in many ways. However, the same technologies have led to dramatic changes that turned protection of informational assets into a highly controversial issue. Traditionally, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) represent an excep... Abundant literature covering various aspects of IPR management and protection is very indicative of this complexity. Recent technological developments have contributed to the challenges associated with protection of intellectual property. The new technologies have substantial implications for literally each aspect of traditional IPR practices. It has become very difficult to keep any information protected these days. Copying materials from another medium, encapsulating content and software for emulation, or migrating content to new hardware and software, all involve activities that can potentially infringe IPR. Digital images and electronic texts can be easily altered, and people may easily transform or incorporate them as a part of some other documents, images, etc. The challenges imposed by the developing technology are likely to increase rapidly in future. IPR holders are perfectly aware about the risks imposed by this trend, and try to protect their rights. Such inclination is absolutely natural granted the fact that similar situations have already occurred in the past when emergence of new circumstances resulted in amendments in the relevant intellectual property laws. For example, in 1992 the US Congress accepted the Audio Home Recording Act that allowed people making copies of copyrighted songs or music for personal use. In 1998 amendments to the Act were made to cover digital technologies of copying, reproduction and distribution (Chebium, 2000). Similarly, the recently emerged Digital Rights Management (DRM) technologies are meant to increase the quality and scope of control that IPR holders can assert over their intellectual property